languages vs dialects:


"Throw into that pidgens and creoles. A pidgen is basically a shorthand
communication used by (multiple) speakers of different languages for trade,
etc - pidgen English used by traders in the Pacific Islands.
It's not
really a language, because it doesn't have a full vocabulary, grammar*, etc.
No one speaks it as a first language. But let the two groups go on
interacting and having kids, and the pidgen turns into a creole, which
actually is a languange with a full set of grammar, etc.

(*Grammar, in this case, refers to descriptive grammar, or what people
actually do, rather than prescriptive grammar, which says what people 'ought
to' do. For instance, in descriptive grammar, you might be able to say, 'I
gone to the store' and have it be acceptable to speakers of your dialect.)"

And it's the kiods who do this at the language development ages
- children seem to have an instinct for grammar